不及物动词(句型1)

1. 句型1 → S V

不及物动词是指不需要宾语，词汇本身就可以对主语进行说明的实义动词。在句型1的语法中，副词、介词短语及状语从句对句型仅作修饰。

I experimented. 我研究了。

S V1

I experimented (earnestly). 我研究得很认真。

S V1 (副词)

I experimented (until night). 我研究到晚上。

S V1 (介词短语)

I experimented (until I found the solution). 我一直研究到找到解决方案为止。

S V1 (状语从句)

2. 不及物动词的用法

不及物动词本身不可直接带宾语，但可以与介词连用之后再带宾语，将不及物动词与介词看作是一个整体，这样理解起来比较方便。

考试中经常会省略掉下述动词短语的介词，以此作为陷阱考查考生的语法水平。背诵时务必将动词与介词放在一起记忆。

1 account for：是……的原因，对……作出解释，占(比例等)

He could not account for the missing funds.

他无法对缺失的资金作出解释。

He could not account to the missing funds. (×)

account 接宾语时需要与介词for 连用。

2 admit of：有……的可能

The situation admits of no delay. 这个情况没有延期的可能。

admit 表示“承认，招供，允许”的含义时，带有及物动词的性质。 参考11-03

I admit my fault. 我承认我的错误。

3 agree to 事物，agree with 人或事物(同意)vs. agree on 内容(就……取得一致) 参考03-35

We agreed to the committee's plan. 我们同意委员会的计划。

I agree with my mother. 我与我母亲意见一致。

He and I agreed on your proposal. 他和我同意你的提议。

agree 还可以接动词不定式和that 从句作为宾语。

My teacher agreed to let me go early. 老师同意让我早点去。

We agreed (that) the proposal was a good one. 我们同意那份提案非常棒。

反义词disagree(不同意)也是不及物动词，常见句型有：disagree with 人，disagree / on / about 事物

He is tolerant of those who disagree with him.

He is tolerant of those who disagree him. (×)

他对那些与自己意见不同的人很宽容。

disagree 必须跟介词后再接宾语。

CHECK

4 allow for：考虑到(= consider)

We must allow for some delay. 我们必须考虑到会有一些延迟。

I don't allow you to smoke. 我不允许你吸烟。

5 apologize to 人/ for 理由：向某人道歉，因……道歉

Paul's parents apologized to Jimmie for their son's mistake.

Paul's parents apologized Jimmie for their son's mistake. (×)

保罗的父母因为自己儿子的失误向吉米道歉。

apologize 是不及物动词，接宾语时必须跟介词。

6 associate with：和……来往

I have been associating with layabouts.

I have been associating layabouts. (×) 我曾经和游手好闲的人交往过。

当associate 表示“与……交往”的含义时，必须跟介词with 才可以接宾语。

I associate him with my childhood. 我看到他联想到我的童年。

associate 表示“联想，使联合”的含义时是及物动词。

7 attend on(照料，照顾)vs. attend 场所 / 聚会(出席)vs.attend to = give / pay attention to(注意)

The nurses attended on the sick day and night. 护士们不分昼夜地照顾病人。

You must attend school. 你必须去上学。

You must attend to all things. 你必须注意所有事情。

= You must pay attention to all things.

You must pay attention for all things. (×)

与attend to 意思相近的表达pay attention 在接宾语时必须与介词to 连用。

8 belong to：属于 参考02-31

Many men belong to the organization. 很多人是那个组织的成员。

Many men are belonged to the organization. (×)

belong 是不及物动词，不存在被动语态。

9 complain about / of / over 事物/ to 人：抱怨某事，向某人抱怨

People complain about / of high prices. 人们抱怨物价高。

I complained to the manager about the service. 我向管理者抱怨过服务。

complain 可以接that 从句作为宾语。

He complained that service was bad. 他抱怨了服务太差劲。

10 conform to(= comply with)：遵从，同意，符合

That building does not conforn to the safety regulatims.

那栋建筑物不符合安全条例。

11 consist of(由……构成)vs. consist in(在于)vs. consist with(与……一致)

Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. 水是由氢和氧构成的。

Water is consisted of hydrogen and oxygen. (×)

consist 是不及物动词，不存在被动语态。

Freedom consists in the absence of oppressive laws.

自由存在于没有压迫性法律的情况下。(= 没有压迫性的法律才有自由。)

Health does not consist with intemperance. 健康与无节制是无法并存的。

12 contribute to：有助于，是……的部分原因 参考11-50

He contributed to local community's advance. 他为地区的发展贡献了力量。

13 count on：依靠(= rely on = depend on = hinge on = turn to = resort to)

Don't count on me. 不要依靠我。

This case counts. 这个案子很重要。

Cars are automatically counted on the bridge. 那座桥上的小汽车会被自动计数。

I count this case (as) important. 我认为这个案子很重要。

14 deal with：处理，应付，与……打交道(= see about)

I'll deal with the children later. 晚些时候我会处理孩子们的事。

15 depend on / upon：取决于，依赖，依靠

His success depends on / upon effort and ability. 他的成功取决于努力和能力。

16 dispose of：处理，扔掉

My mother disposed of much rubbish. 我妈妈扔掉了很多垃圾。

17 experiment on / with：用……做实验

I experimented on / with alcohol. 我用酒精做实验。

18 graduate from 学校(从……毕业)vs. graduate in 专业科目(毕业于……专业)

She graduated from Harvard last year. 她去年从哈佛大学毕业。

She graduated Harvard last year. (×)

当主语是人时，graduate 是不及物动词，因此必须跟介词后才能接宾语。

Only forty students graduated in English last year.

去年只有40 名学生从英语专业毕业。

graduate 表示“准予……毕业”的意思时，可以用作及物动词。

The college graduated 50 students last year.

去年那所大学毕业了50 名学生。

……