“外贸英语函电”是一门以对外经贸商务活动的成交过程为主线,将英语与国际贸易业务环节相结合的课程。本书介绍了国际贸易实务中各种英文业务函件及电子邮件的写作格式和表达方法,以及对外贸易各环节的具体做法,还介绍了跨境电子商务相关的知识和信函的表达方式,旨在提高学生英语水平的同时,使其熟练掌握国际贸易实务中常用的基本术语及表达技巧。本书共有18章,系统介绍了英文商务信函写作的基本知识,以及相关的业务关系建立、资信调查、询盘和发盘、订单及其履行、支付、包装、装运、保险、争议和索赔、跨境电子商务、业务合同订立等内容。 本书适合国际经济与贸易专业的学生学习使用,也可作为国际贸易从业人员的参考用书。
在提高学生英语水平的同时,使其熟练掌握国际贸易实务中常用的基本术语及表达技巧,培养和强化其外贸业务工作能力,为国家培养从事国际贸易工作的高水平“应用型”人才。
目 录
1.1 简介... 1
1.2 写作指导... 2
1.2.1 商务信函的写作要点... 2
1.2.2 商务信函的结构... 3
1.2.3 商务信函的格式... 11
1.2.4 信封的格式... 15
1.3 信函示例... 16
1.3.1 样信1. 16
1.3.2 样信2. 18
1.3.3 样信3. 19
1.3.4 样信4. 20
1.4 单词和短语... 22
1.5 注解... 23
1.6 实用例句... 27
1.7 习题... 28
第2章 建立业务关系... 30
2.1 简介... 30
2.2 写作指导... 31
2.3 信函示例... 32
2.3.1 出口商的介绍... 32
2.3.2 来自进口商的肯定答复... 34
2.3.3 来自进口商的否定答复... 35
2.3.4 进口商的介绍... 36
2.3.5 就转移业务关系方面来自出口商的答复... 37
2.3.6 关于证明的信函... 38
2.4 单词和短语... 39
2.5 注解... 40
2.6 实用例句... 44
2.7 习题... 47
第3章 询盘... 50
3.1 简介... 50
3.2 写作指导... 51
3.3 信函示例... 51
3.3.1 及时次询盘及答复... 51
3.3.2 普通询盘及答复... 54
3.3.3 具体询盘及答复... 56
3.4 单词和短语... 59
3.5 注解... 60
3.6 实用例句... 64
3.7 习题... 66
第4章 发盘... 70
4.1 简介... 70
4.2 写作指导... 70
4.3 信函示例... 71
4.3.1 样信1. 71
4.3.2 样信2. 72
4.3.3 样信3. 73
4.3.4 样信4. 74
4.3.5 虚盘... 75
4.4 单词和短语... 76
4.5 注解... 77
4.6 实用例句... 78
4.7 习题... 79
第5章 还盘... 81
5.1 简介... 81
5.2 写作指导... 81
5.3 信函示例... 82
5.3.1 样信1. 82
5.3.2 样信2. 83
5.3.3 样信3. 84
5.3.4 样信4. 85
5.3.5 样信5. 86
5.4 单词和短语... 87
5.5 注解... 88
5.6 实用例句... 89
5.7 习题... 91
第6章 达成业务关系... 93
6.1 简介... 93
6.2 写作指导... 93
6.3 信函示例... 94
6.3.1 样信1. 94
6.3.2 样信2. 96
6.3.3 样信3. 97
6.3.4 样信4. 98
6.4 单词和短语... 99
6.5 注解... 99
6.6 实用例句... 100
6.7 习题... 102
第7章 支付条款... 104
7.1 简介... 104
7.1.1 汇付... 104
7.1.2 托收... 105
7.1.3 信用证... 106
7.2 写作指导... 109
7.3 信函示例... 110
7.3.1 样信1. 110
7.3.2 样信2. 111
7.3.3 样信3. 112
7.3.4 样信4. 113
7.4 单词和短语... 114
7.5 注解... 115
7.6 实用例句... 117
7.7 习题... 118
第8章 信用证的开立与修改... 120
8.1 简介... 120
8.2 写作指导... 123
8.3 信函示例... 123
8.3.1 样信1. 123
8.3.2 样信2. 124
8.3.3 样信3. 125
8.3.4 样信4. 127
8.3.5 样信5. 128
8.3.6 修改信用证的通知... 129
8.4 单词和短语... 131
8.5 注解... 133
8.6 实用例句... 134
8.7 习题... 136
第9章 包装与唛头... 141
9.1 简介... 141
9.1.1 包装... 141
9.1.2 运输标记... 141
9.2 写作指导... 142
9.3 信函示例... 142
9.3.1 样信1. 142
9.3.2 样信2. 143
9.3.3 样信3. 144
9.3.4 样信4. 145
9.4 单词和短语... 146
9.5 注解... 146
9.6 实用例句... 147
9.7 习题... 148
第10章 装运... 151
10.1 简介... 151
10.2 写作指导... 152
10.3 信函示例... 152
10.3.1 样信1. 152
10.3.2 样信2. 153
10.3.3 样信3. 154
10.3.4 样信4. 156
10.4 单词和短语... 156
10.5 注解... 157
10.6 实用短语... 158
10.7 习题... 159
第11章 保险... 161
11.1 简介... 161
11.2 写作指导... 162
11.3 信函示例... 163
11.3.1 样信1. 163
11.3.2 样信2. 164
11.3.3 样信3. 165
11.3.4 样信4. 166
11.3.5 样信5. 167
11.4 单词和短语... 167
11.5 注解... 168
11.6 实用例句... 169
11.7 习题... 170
第12章 ... 172
12.1 简介... 172
12.2 写作指导... 172
12.3 信函示例... 173
12.3.1 样信1. 173
12.3.2 样信2. 174
12.3.3 样信3. 174
12.3.4 样信4. 174
12.4 单词和短语... 175
12.5 注解... 176
12.6 实用例句... 176
12.7 习题... 177
第13章 抗议与索赔... 180
13.1 简介... 180
13.2 写作指导... 180
13.3 信函示例... 181
13.3.1 样信1. 181
13.3.2 样信2. 182
13.3.3 样信3. 182
13.3.4 样信4. 183
13.3.5 样信5. 183
13.4 单词和短语... 184
13.5 注解... 184
13.6 实用例句... 185
13.7 习题... 187
第14章 促销... 189
14.1 简介... 189
14.2 写作指导... 189
14.3 信函示例... 191
14.3.1 样信1. 191
14.3.2 样信2. 191
14.3.3 样信3. 192
14.3.4 样信4. 192
14.3.5 样信5. 193
14.4 单词和短语... 194
14.5 注解... 194
14.6 实用例句... 196
14.7 习题... 197
第15章 跨境电子商务... 199
15.1 简介... 199
15.2 写作指导... 200
15.2.1 商务电子邮件的写作特点... 200
15.2.2 写作技巧... 200
15.3 信函示例... 201
15.3.1 样信1. 201
15.3.2 样信2. 202
15.3.3 样信3. 203
15.3.4 样信4. 203
15.4 单词和短语... 204
15.5 注解... 205
15.6 实用例句... 206
15.7 习题... 207
第16章 国际贸易合同的写作... 210
16.1 简介... 210
16.2 写作指导... 211
16.3 信函示例... 212
16.3.1 样信1. 212
16.3.2 样信2. 214
16.3.3 样信3. 216
16.4 单词和短语... 217
16.5 注解... 218
16.6 实用例句... 218
16.7 习题... 219
第17章 合同与协议... 222
17.1 简介... 222
17.2 写作指导... 223
17.3 信函示例... 224
17.3.1 样信1. 224
17.3.2 样信2. 226
17.3.3 样信3. 229
17.4 单词和短语... 230
17.5 注解... 230
17.6 实用例句... 230
17.7 习题... 232
第18章 其他书信写作... 234
18.1 简介... 234
18.2 写作指导... 235
18.3 信函示例... 236
18.3.1 样信1. 236
18.3.2 样信2. 237
18.3.3 样信3. 238
18.3.4 样信4. 238
18.3.5 样信5. 239
18.4 单词和短语... 240
18.5 注解... 240
18.6 实用例句... 241
18.7 习题... 241
参考文献... 243
习题答案... 245
第1章... 245
第2章... 246
第3章... 249
第4章... 251
第5章... 252
第6章... 253
第7章... 254
第8章... 255
第9章... 256
第10章... 258
第11章... 259
第12章... 260
第13章... 261
第14章... 263
第15章... 263
第16章... 266
第17章... 267
第18章... 268
Chapter 1 Business Letters1.1 Introduction
1.2.4 The Format of EnvelopesThe envelope should match the stationery incolor and style. Most companies have the return address in the upper-leftcorner of the envelope, giving the same information as the letterhead. Otherwiseyou must type or write your return address the same way as you do for theinside address, usually in smaller typeface than the name and address of thereceiver. Name and address of the receiver is always single-spaced with alllines aligned on the left, and they should be in all capital letter, with nopunctuation at the end of each line. The order in writing the address is fromthe smallest division to the largest, just opposite to the Chinese custom inwriting addresses.
The in-house notation is placed three linesdown the return address and is in all capital letters. The stamp is put at theupper right corner of the envelope with mailing notation, if there are any,given in all capital letters below the stamp.
The format of the address on the envelope canbe in blocked or indented style, but it is better to keep the same format withthe inside address of the letter.
Stamp
Skyline Farm Machinery Manufacturing Company
56 Fuan Street, Tianjin, China
Tel.: 0086-22-2236 5566
PERSONALChapter 1 Business Letters 1.1 Introduction Business letter is the most frequently used form of communication. It is very important in the business world. Business executives are supposed to write good business letters as to carry out business routine efficiently. If a businessman is unable to write an effective business letter, it is very difficult to represent himself positively, which may cause some problems in doing business.
All business letters have two main functions. One is to ask for and give a reply to an enquiry, an offer, an order or a complaint. The other one is to keep a record of all the important facts for ready reference. An effective business letter will say what the writer wants clearly and simply. It should be precise, straightforward, relevant and action-centered. It should also be written in a friendly and formal style using plain language. Thus, in order to communicate effectively, you should ensure that the letters portray you as approachable, caring, effective and professional. In addition, you should be very familiar with the established layout and practice of business letters. There are three styles of business communication: the full blocked style, the indented style and the semi-blocked style. The fully-blocked style with open punctuation is the most popular method of display for business letters, because it is considered to be businesslike, simple and professional.
The business letter can tell readers a lot about the writer and the writer’s company. A business letter that is neat, easy to read, and presents a professional image will leave a good impression on the reader. Such a letter helps the writer as much as the reader, and will probably mean an earlier reply. In today’s global market place, the reader’s first impression often comes from the appearance of the documents and the quality of the paper. So you should pay some attention to the paper quality, the paper color, the paper size and margins. Firstly, never use paper that is too flimsy. Secondly, white is the standard color for business purposes, although light colors such as gray and ivory are sometimes used. Thirdly, the size of papers varies slightly from country to country. In the United States, the standard paper size for business documents is 8.5 by 11 inches. The last but not the least, the document is to be centered in the page, leaving at least one-inch margins all around. We can use word-processing software to achieve the balance by defining the format.
This chapter is intended to develop skills in writing good business letters. It contains guidelines on developing personal writing style, using appropriate tone and composing effective communications in modern business language.
1.2 Writing Guide 1.2.1 The Essentials of Business Letter Writing Since the main purpose of business correspondence is to convey a message, the letter should be written in language that is easily understood. The writer must make sure that it should be free from grammatical blemishes, and also free from the slightest possibility of being misunderstood. There are certain essential qualities of business letters, which can be summed up in the following 7 “Cs” principles.
1. Clarity You must try to express yourself clearly, so that the reader will understand. To achieve this, you should keep in mind the purpose of the letter and use appropriate words in correct sentence structures to convey your meaning. We should also avoid ambiguous sentences. Otherwise, the business letter will cause trouble to both sides. All in all, good, straightforward and simple language are what are needed for business letters.
2. Conciseness Conciseness means saying things in the fewest possible words. The elimination of wordy business jargon can help to make a letter clearer and at the same time more concise. If conciseness conflicts with courtesy, then make a little sacrifice of conciseness. Generally speaking, to achieve conciseness, one should try to avoid wordiness or redundancy.
3. Courtesy Courtesy is not mere politeness. It should hardly be necessary to stress the importance of courtesy in your letters. One of the most important things is promptness. Punctuality will please your customer who dislikes waiting for days before he gets a reply to his letter. Differences are bound to occur in business, but with diplomacy and tact they can be overcome and settled without offence on either side. Remember that it’s nearly always wrong to doubt a statement made in good faith by the other side and even worse to contradict it. In letters we should always keep in mind the person we are writing to, see things from his point of view, visualize him in his surroundings, see his problems and difficulties and express our ideas in terms of his experience.
4. Consideration Consideration emphasizes You-attitude rather than We-attitude. When writing a letter, keep the reader’s request, needs, desires, as well as his feelings in mind. Plan the best way to present the message for the reader to receive.
5. Correctness Correctness here refers to appropriate and grammatically correct language, factual information and accurate reliable figures, as well as the right forms and conventions. All facts should be checked and double checked. Special attention should also be paid to names of goods, specification, quantity, figures, units, etc.
6. Concreteness To make the message specific, definite and vivid is the key point of concreteness. The writer must ensure that the letter contains all the information the recipient needs to act upon. Put yourself in reader’s place. It is necessary to check the message carefully before it is sent out.
7. Completeness Like any other letter, a good business letter should be complete, providing all the information and data necessary for a specific issue. If any necessary piece of information is lacking, the reader will have to ask for clarification, which means that you will have to write another letter. It will not only waste time, energy and money, but also damage the image of your company.
1.2.2 The Structure of Business Letters Business letter has its special formats. In the formal business letters,we usually use 12 factors. They are letterhead, reference number, date, inside address, attention line, salutation, subject line, body, complimentary close, signature, IEC block and postscript. Among them,the return address, date, inside address, salutation, body, complimentary close and signature belong to the standard factors and must be contained in the formal business letters. Whether to use other factors depends on the specific situation. The approximate locations of these factors in a business letter are as follows.
Letterhead
Reference number
Date
Inside address
_________________
_________________
Attention line
Salutation
Subject line
Body
__________________________________________________________________________
_________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________
___________________________
Complimentary close
Signature
IEC block
Postscript
While the horizontal placement of letter parts may vary, the vertical order of these parts is standard. The followings are the most common components and formats.
1.The Basic Components of Business Letters (1) Letterhead
For letters to outsiders, many companies use letterhead stationery which is professionally printed at the top of the page, though some are printed at the bottom or even at the upper-left corner of the page. The letterhead indicates the name, address, telephone, fax number and E-mail address of the company sending the letter. It helps the recipient identify the company from which the sender comes just at a glance. If letterhead stationery is not available, you can type the heading, which includes a return address, and leaves about a two-inch top margin.
(2) Date
Writing date in English goes in two styles: one is American style, and the other is British style. The standard order of typing the date in the U.S. is month, day, year. For example: September 12, 2013. While in Britain, the standard order is day, month, year. For example: 12 September,
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